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魏碑书法的种类

Types of Wei tablet calligraphy

(一)墓志系列

(1) epitaph series

墓志，是古代丧葬文化的一种产物。据不完全或比较保守的估计，迄今为止已经发现的北朝墓志大约有三千块以上。大多的墓志长年埋于地下，字数完整，字迹清晰，风格又最为丰富。为我们今天的临摹取法和学术研究，提供了美仑美奂的原生态的东西。

Epitaph is a product of ancient funeral culture. According to incomplete or conservative estimates, more than 3000 epitaphs of the Northern Dynasty have been found so far. Most of the epitaph is buried in the ground for many years, with complete word number, clear handwriting and rich style. For our today's copying method and academic research, we provide a beautiful and original ecological thing.

(二)石刻系列

(two) stone carving series

石刻，系指将文字镌刻于石材或山石之上的古代各种碑版、题记、铭颂、摩崖等等。

Stone inscriptions refer to various ancient tablets, inscriptions, inscriptions, inscriptions, cliffs and so on engraved on stones or mountain stones.

由于这类石刻的立石是非常庄重的，所以，书丹者与镌刊者都是选择当时的圣手高手来完成的，同时，其形制与文字内容都有着十分重要的史学价值。从书法艺术的角度看，其风格也呈现了多样化的状态。它们具有经典式的美学价值与技法的示范意义。

Because this kind of stone carving is very solemn, so the book and the publisher are chosen to complete the masters of the time, at the same time, its form and text content has a very important historical value. From the perspective of calligraphic art, its style is also diversified. They have classical aesthetic value and demonstration significance of techniques.

(三)造像系列

(three) portrait series

造像，是古代佛教徒为庇bì佑yòu亡灵而镌juān铸的神像浮图，并在造像时附刻文字。这里的造像是专指其文字部分。它的遗存储量非常之多，其中以著名的洛阳《龙门石窟造像》最为经典，仅龙门造像就有三千六百通之多，同时，包括北魏、北齐、北周、东魏、西魏以及其他时代的各种造像等等。

The statue is a floating picture of a God cast by ancient Buddhists in order to protect the soul of B n u u u u u u n and engraved with characters. The statues here refer specifically to their written parts. It has a large amount of remains, of which the famous Luoyang Longmen Grottoes Statue is the most classic. The Longmen Statue alone has as many as 3,600 links. At the same time, it includes various statues of the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Eastern Wei, Western Wei and other times.

(四)其他系列

(four) other series

在魏楷体系中，还有一些镌刻或书写在其他材质上的文字资料。如，元押印章、敦煌写经以及近现代书家魏楷墨迹等。

In the system of Wei Kai, there are also some inscribed or written text materials on other materials. For example, the seal of the Yuan Dynasty, the Dunhuang Scripture and the ink of the modern calligrapher Wei Kai.

1.元押类

1. yuan

元押印是古代一种以楷字入印的印章品类。文字字数虽然少，但魏楷的特征却刻画得格外俏美。押印多为单字，方寸之间尽显魏楷体势之婀娜，其体态之生动可人。它也是魏楷体系中一个值得注意的，值得研究和取法的小品类。

Yuan Bao Yin was an ancient seal type printed in regular script. Although the number of words is few, Wei Kai's features are particularly beautiful. The seal is mostly a single word. It shows the graceful posture of Wei Kai and its posture is vivid. It is also worthy of attention in Wei Kai's system.

2.楼兰残纸和敦煌写经类

2. Kroraina remnant paper and Dunhuang Scripture

只有在发现之后才真正揭开了魏晋笔法的神秘面纱。仔细研读楼兰残纸和敦煌残卷（魏晋部分），才有可能真正接触和研究魏晋笔法。魏晋笔法表现出了丰富多彩的内容，打开了中国书法宝库的大门。

Only after discovery did we truly unveil the mystery of Wei and Jin calligraphy. Only by carefully studying the remnants of Loulan paper and Dunhuang scrolls (part of Wei and Jin Dynasties), can we really contact and study the writing techniques of Wei and Jin Dynasties. The Wei and Jin style of writing displayed rich and colorful contents and opened the door to the treasure house of Chinese calligraphy.

3.近现代书家魏楷墨迹

3. ink blot by modern calligrapher Wei Kai

清代碑学中兴，以至民国并包括建国后已故的擅碑的书家们，他们对魏楷的复兴是功不可没的。同时，在书写的技巧上，在风格的开拓上，大大丰富了魏楷这一体系。他们给我们留下的是墨迹的魏楷，对研究和继承魏楷更有着另一种重要的意义。他们的作品也是这个体系不可或缺的重要部分。

The rise of stemology in the Qing Dynasty, and even the Republic of China, including the late calligraphers who were good at stemology after the founding of the People's Republic of China, contributed greatly to the revival of Wei Kai. At the same time, in writing skills, in the style of development, greatly enriched the system of Wei Kai. What they left us is the ink of Wei Kai, which is of great significance to the study and inheritance of Wei Kai. Their works are also an indispensable part of the system.

从以上形制和功能的分类来看，我们对魏楷体系的整体便有了明确的定位。魏楷的确是一个比较庞杂而丰富的体系

From the above classification and function classification, we have a clear positioning of the whole system of Wei Kai. Wei Kai is indeed a rather complicated and rich system.

魏楷无论是种类、风格还是样式的遗存是相当丰富的，仅龙门造像就有三千六百多品，据不完全统计，墓志也大体陆续出土三千余块，再加之各种刻石、碑版等等，可谓洋洋大观矣!

Wei Kai is rich in kinds, styles and styles. There are more than 3,600 pieces of Longmen statues alone. According to incomplete statistics, more than 3,000 pieces of epitaphs have been unearthed in succession. In addition, various kinds of stone carvings, tablets and so on, it is a grand view of the world.