一，作品的时代风格

First, the style of the works

每一件书画作品都有其特有的时代风格，这是与其所处时代的政治、经济、生活习俗以及物质条件紧密相关的.比如说，山水画在一开始时是不讲究比例的，“人大于山，水不容泛”是它的时代特征。因此，早期的山水画多摄取全形，而等到后来画家知道只要按照比例就可以将大自然缩写在画幅中时，取景才开始向局部发展。

Every book and painting has its own unique style of the times, which is closely related to its times of politics, economy, living customs and material conditions. For example, landscape paintings are not proportions at the beginning. "The people's Congress in the mountains, the water is not flooding" is its characteristics of the times. As a result, early landscape painting takes full shape, and until later painters know that as long as they can be abbreviated to the picture in proportion to the painting, the scene will begin to develop to the local.

书法也是一样。从文学方面来看，不论书写的是诗是文、词汇的运用、事迹的叙述、思想感情的表达等，都能看出它的时代风格。另外书札行款格式和书画件幅也对鉴定书画有一定的帮助.

The same is the same with calligraphy. From the point of view of literature, no matter what writing is poetry, it is the use of words, words, deeds, and thoughts and feelings. In addition, the book format and calligraphy and painting pieces also help to identify calligraphy and painting.

二，艺术家的个人风格

Two, the individual style of the artist

个人风格通常要比时代风格具体得多，艺术家的思想、性格、审美观、习惯甚至使用的工具都各有特点。作画时的运笔、线条、构图、人物相貌等无不反映出作者的个人风格特征。尤其是鉴定近现代的作品，由干时代相近，个人风格则尤其重要。“熟记画家一百八，书法家九十八”说的就是要了解历史文化，熟记历代著名书画家的姓名、字、号、别号，以及他们的经历和他们字、画的特征的道理。

Personal style is usually much more specific than the style of the times. Artists' thoughts, personalities, aesthetics, habits and even the tools used have their own characteristics. The strokes, lines, composition and appearance of the characters in the paintings reflect the author's personal style. In particular, the identification of modern and contemporary works is especially important from the dry age and personal style. "Memorizing painter one hundred and eighty and calligraphers ninety-eight" means to know the history and culture, and remember the names, characters, number and number of the famous calligraphers of the past dynasties, as well as their experiences and the characteristics of their characters and paintings.

三，画具

Three, the painting tool

除了用墨汁，彩色颜料，传统书画工具还有毛笔、宣纸和朱砂等。

Besides ink, color paints, traditional calligraphy and painting tools, brush, Xuan paper and cinnabar.

那么国画保养方法有哪些呢?

So what are the maintenance methods of Chinese painting?

一要注意防虫害

One should pay attention to insect pest control

国画长时间悬挂容易变形，所以要密封存放，最好用吸水性好的纸包好再放入箱子或柜子。另外，还应在箱角处放些樟脑丸或驱虫用品。

Traditional Chinese painting hangs easily for a long time, so it is best to seal it up and put it in a box or cabinet. In addition, camphor balls or insect repellents should be placed at the corner of the box.

二要注意国画避光

Two should pay attention to the national painting to avoid light

因为阳光中的紫外线会使纸绢的纤维变质、泛黄、退色和发脆，极易造成国画的损坏，从而缩短国画的寿命。

Because the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight will make the fibers of the paper silk deteriorate, yellowing, fading and crisp, which will easily damage the traditional Chinese painting and shorten the lifespan of the traditional Chinese painting.

三要注意受潮发霉

Three pay attention to dampness and moldy

一旦发现有霉烂情况，要及早处理。如果受潮不严重，展开后反面晾干和吹干即可。

As soon as the mildew is found, it should be dealt with early. If the moisture is not serious, air dry and blow dry on the reverse side.

四要悬挂存放交替

Four to suspend storage alternation

长时间悬挂或密封存放，都会对国画产生一定的损害，最好是悬挂和存放两种方法交替进行。五六月份是书画保养的黄金时期，应利用这段时间选择晴朗干燥的天气挂出，吹去潮气后再小心存放。

Hanging or sealing for a long time will cause some damage to Chinese painting. It is better to hang and store two methods alternately. May and June is the golden age for painting and calligraphy maintenance. We should use this time to choose sunny and dry weather and hang out carefully before storing it.